Annual Report 2019

168 Sunny Optical Technology (Group) Company Limited • ANNUAL REPORT 2019 FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 截至二零一九年十二月三十一日止年度 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 綜合財務報表附註 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Financial instruments (Continued) Financial assets (Continued) Classification and subsequent measurement of financial assets (Continued) (iii) Financial assets at FVTPL Financial assets that do not meet the criteria for being measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI or designated as FVTOCI are measured at FVTPL. Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any fair value gains or losses recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss exclude any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the “other gains and losses” line item. Impairment of financial assets The Group performs impairment assessment under expected credit loss (“ECL”) model on financial assets (including debt instruments at amortised cost, trade and other receivables, amount due from a related party, pledged bank deposits, short term fixed deposits and bank balances) which are subject to impairment under HKFRS 9. The amount of ECL is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition. Lifetime ECL represents the ECL that will result from all possible default events over the expected life of the relevant instrument. In contrast, 12-month ECL (“12m ECL”) represents the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date. Assessment are done based on the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions and an assessment of both the current conditions at the reporting date as well as the forecast of future conditions. 3. 重要會計政策（續） 金融工具（續） 金融資產（續） 金融資產的分類和其後計量（續） (iii) 按公允值計入損益的金融資產 金融資產如不符合按攤銷成本計量或 按透過其他全面收益按公允值列賬計 量或指定為按按公允值計入其他全面 收益列賬的條件，則按公允值計入損 益的方式計量。 在各報告期末，按公允值計入損益的 金融資產按公允值計量，而任何公允 值收益或虧損則於損益中確認。於損 益確認的收益或虧損淨額不包括金融 資產賺取的任何股息或利息及計入「其 他收益及虧損」項目下。 金融資產減值 本集團根據預期信貸虧損（「預期信貸虧 損」）模型對金融資產（包括按攤銷成本計 量的債務工具、貿易及其他應收款項、應 收關連人士款項、已抵押銀行存款、短期 定期存款及銀行結餘）進行減值評估，其須 根據香港財務報告準則第 9 號進行減值。預 期信貸虧損金額於各報告日期更新，以反 映自初始確認起的信貸風險變動。 全期預期信貸虧損指於相關工具預期壽命 內發生所有可能的違約事件而導致的預期 信貸虧損。相反， 12 個月預期信貸虧損 （「 12 個月預期信貸虧損」）則指預期於報 告日期後 12 個月內可能發生的違約事件而 導致的部分全期預期信貸虧損。預期信貸 虧損根據本集團過往信貸虧損經驗進行評 估，並根據應收賬款特定因素、一般經濟 狀況及於報告日期對當前狀況及未來狀況 預測的評估而作出調整。