Annual Report 2021

HOP FUNG GROUP HOLDINGS LIMITED • Annual Report 2021 90 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 綜合財務報表附註（續） FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 2021 截至二零二一年十二月三十一日止年度 3. 綜合財務報表編製基準及主 要會計政策 （續） 3.2 主要會計政策 （續） 外幣 在編製個別集團實體之財務報表 時，凡以其功能貨幣以外之貨幣 （外幣）計算之交易，均按交易日 期之匯率入賬。以外幣計值之貨 幣項目於報告期末按該日之匯率 重新換算；以外幣結算並按歷史 成本計量之非貨幣項目則不作重 新換算。 於結算及重新換算貨幣項目時產 生之匯兌差額均於彼等產生期間 內於損益中確認。 就呈列綜合財務報表而言，本集 團業務之資產及負債乃按於各報 告期末之適用匯率換算為本集團 之列賬貨幣（即港元）。收入及支 出乃按該年度之平均匯率進行換 算，除非匯率於該期間內出現大 幅波動則作別論，於此情況下， 則採用於交易當日之適用匯率。 所產生之匯兌差額（如有）於其他 全面收入確認，並於匯兌儲備項 下之權益累積。 於出售海外業務（即出售本集團於 海外業務之全部權益）時之部分權 益，則本公司擁有人應佔該業務 相關所有權益累計的匯兌差異將 重新分類至損益。 3. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) 3.2 Significant accounting policies (Continued) Foreign currencies In preparing the financial statements of each individual group entity, transactions in currencies other than the functional currency of that entity (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchanges prevailing on the dates of the transactions. At the end of the reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items, and on the retranslation of monetary items, are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. For the purposes of presenting the consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Group’s operations are translated into the presentation currency of the Group (i.e. HK$) using exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period. Income and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates for the year, unless exchange rates fluctuate significantly during the period, in which case, the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of transactions are used. Exchange differences arising, if any, are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity under the heading of translation reserve. On the disposal of a foreign operation (that is, a disposal of the Group's entire interest in a foreign operation), all of the exchange differences accumulated in equity in respect of that operation attributable to the owners of the Company are reclassified to profit or loss.