Annual Report 2021

合豐集團控股有限公司 • 二零二一年年報 83 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 綜合財務報表附註（續） FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 2021 截至二零二一年十二月三十一日止年度 3. 綜合財務報表編製基準及主 要會計政策 （續） 3.1 綜合財務報表編製基準 （續） 綜合財務報表於各報告期末按歷 史成本基準編製，詳情載於下文 之會計政策。 歷史成本一般按交換貨品及服務 代價之公平值釐定。 公平值是指市場參與者之間在計 量日進行的有序交易中出售一項 資產所收取的價格或轉移一項負 債所支付的價格，無論該價格是 直接觀察到的結果還是採用其他 估值技術作出的估計。在對資產 或負債的公平值作出估計時，本 集團考慮了市場參與者在計量日 為該資產或負債進行定價時將會 考慮的資產或負債特徵。在本綜 合財務報表中計量和╱或披露的 公平值均在此基礎上予以確定， 但香港財務報告準則第 2 號「以股 份支付之支出」範圍內的以股份支 付之支出交易、根據香港財務報 告準則第 16 號「 租賃 」（「香港財務 報告準則第 16 號」）入賬的租賃交 易、以及與公平值類似但並非公 平值的計量（例如，香港會計準則 第 2 號「存貨」中的可變現淨值或香 港會計準則第 36 號「資產減值」中 的使用價值）除外。 此外，就財務報告而言，公平值 計量根據公平值計量的輸入數據 的可觀察程度及公平值計量的輸 入數據對其整體的重要性分類為 第一級、第二級或第三級，詳情 如下： • 第一級輸入數據是實體於計 量日可以取得的相同資產或 負債於活躍市場之報價（未 經調整）； • 第二級輸入數據是資產或負 債的直接或間接地可觀察之 輸入數據（第一級內包括的 報價除外）；及 • 第三級輸入數據是資產或負 債的不可觀察輸入數據。 3. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) 3.1 Basis of preparation of consolidated financial statements (Continued) The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies set out below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these consolidated financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of HKFRS 2 Share-based Payment , leasing transactions that are accounted for in accordance with HKFRS 16 Leases (“HKFRS 16”), and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in HKAS 2 Inventories or value in use in HKAS 36 Impairment of Assets . In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows: • Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date; • Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and • Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.