Annual Report 2021

HOP FUNG GROUP HOLDINGS LIMITED • Annual Report 2021 104 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 綜合財務報表附註（續） FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 2021 截至二零二一年十二月三十一日止年度 3. 綜合財務報表編製基準及主 要會計政策 （續） 3.2 主要會計政策 （續） 金融工具 （續） 財務資產 （續） 須根據香港財務報告準則第 9 號進 行減值評估 （續） (iii) 信貸減值財務資產 財務資產在一項或以上事件 （對該財務資產估計未來現 金流量構成不利影響）出現 時發生信貸減值。財務資產 信貸減值的證據包括有關下 列事件的可觀察數據： (a) 發行人或借款人的重 大財困； (b) 違反合約（如違約或逾 期事件）； (c) 借款人的貸款人因有 關借款人財困的經濟 或合約理由而向借款 人批出一般貸款人不 會考慮的讓步；或 (d) 借款人將可能陷入破 產或其他財務重組。 (iv) 撇銷政策 當資料顯示交易夥伴處於嚴 重財困及無實際收回可能 時（例如交易夥伴被清盤或 已進入破產程序時），本集 團則撇銷財務資產。經考慮 法律意見後（倘合適），遭撇 銷的財務資產可能仍須按本 集團收回程序進行強制執行 方式。撇銷構成取消確認事 項。任何其後收回在損益中 確認。 (v) 預期信貸虧損之計量及確認 預期信貸虧損之計量為違約 概率、違約虧損（即違約時 虧損幅度）及違約風險之函 數。違約概率及違約虧損之 評估乃基於過往數據及前瞻 性資料。預期信貸虧損的預 估乃無偏概率加權平均金 額，以各自發生違約的風險 為權重確定。 3. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) 3.2 Significant accounting policies (Continued) Financial instruments (Continued) Financial assets (Continued) Impairment of financial assets subject to impairment assessment under HKFRS 9 (Continued) (iii) Credit-impaired financial assets A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that financial asset have occurred. Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes observable data about the following events: (a) significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower; (b) a breach of contract, such as a default or past due event; (c) the lender(s) of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, having granted to the borrower a concession(s) that the lender(s) would not otherwise consider; or (d) it is becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation. (iv) Write-off policy The Group writes off a financial asset when there is information indicating that the counterparty is in severe financial difficulty and there is no realistic prospect of recovery, for example, when the counterparty has been placed under liquidation or has entered into bankruptcy proceedings. Financial assets written off may still be subject to enforcement activities under the Group’s recovery procedures, taking into account legal advice where appropriate. A write-off constitutes a derecognition event. Any subsequent recoveries are recognised in profit or loss. (v) Measurement and recognition of ECL The measurement of ECL is a function of the probability of default, loss given default (i.e. the magnitude of the loss if there is a default) and the exposure at default. The assessment of the probability of default and loss given default is based on historical data and forward-looking information. Estimation of ECL reflects an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights.