Annual Report 2021

HOP FUNG GROUP HOLDINGS LIMITED • Annual Report 2021 100 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 綜合財務報表附註（續） FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 2021 截至二零二一年十二月三十一日止年度 3. 綜合財務報表編製基準及主 要會計政策 （續） 3.2 主要會計政策 （續） 金融工具 （續） 實際利率法為計算財務資產或財 務負債的攤銷成本以及分配相關 期間的利息收入及利息開支之方 法。實際利率乃於初步確認時按 財務資產或財務負債的預期可使 用年期或適用的較短期間內確切 貼現估計未來現金收入及款項（包 括構成實際利率不可或缺部分的 所有已付或已收費用及點數、交 易成本及其他溢價或貼現）至賬面 淨值的利率。 財務資產 財務資產的分類及期後計量 當財務資產滿足以下條件，則其 後按攤銷成本計量： • 以收取合約現金流量為目的 之經營模式下持有之財務資 產；及 • 合約條款於指定日期產生之 現金流量純粹為支付本金及 未償還本金之利息。 利息收入就其後按攤銷成本計量 的財務資產乃使用實際利息法予 以確認。利息收入乃對一項財務 資產賬面總值應用實際利率予以 計算，惟其後出現信貸減值的財 務資產除外（見下文）。就其後出 現信貸減值的財務資產而言，自 下一報告期起，利息收入乃對財 務資產攤銷成本應用實際利率予 以確認。倘信貸減值金融工具的 信貸風險好轉，使財務資產不再 出現信貸減值，於釐定資產不再 出現信貸減值後，自報告期開始 起利息收入乃對財務資產賬面總 值應用實際利率予以確認。 3. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) 3.2 Significant accounting policies (Continued) Financial instruments (Continued) The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liabilities and of allocating interest income and interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts and payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset or financial liabilities, or, where appropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition. Financial assets Classification and subsequent measurement of financial assets Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost: • the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to collect contractual cash flows; and • the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method for financial assets measured subsequently at amortised cost. Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset, except for financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired (see below). For financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset from the next reporting period. If the credit risk on the credit-impaired financial instrument improves so that the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset from the beginning of the reporting period following the determination that the asset is no longer credit-impaired.