Annual Report 2020

92 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 綜合財務報表附註 FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 2020 截至二零二零年十二月三十一日止年度 HOP FUNG GROUP HOLDINGS LIMITED 合豐集團控股有限公司 3. 綜合財務報表編製基準及主要會計政策 （續） 主要會計政策 （續） 金融工具 當某集團實體成為工具合約條文之訂約方時，財務 資產及財務負債便會在綜合財務狀況表上被確認。 所有常規方式買賣的財務資產概於交易日予以確認 及取消確認。常規方式買賣乃指遵循法規或市場慣 例在約定時間內交付資產的財務資產買賣。 財務資產及財務負債按公平值初步計量，惟客戶合 約產生的貿易應收款項除外，該等貿易應收款項根 據香港財務報告準則第 15 號進行初始計量。首次確 認時，收購或發行財務資產及財務負債產生之直接 交易成本將視乎情況加入或扣除財務資產或財務負 債之公平值。 實際利率法為計算財務資產或財務負債的攤銷成本 以及分配相關期間的利息收入及利息開支之方法。 實際利率乃於初步確認時按財務資產或財務負債的 預期可使用年期或適用的較短期間內確切貼現估計 未來現金收入及款項（包括構成實際利率不可或缺 部分的所有已付或已收費用及點數、交易成本及其 他溢價或貼現）至賬面淨值的利率。 3. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Significant accounting policies (Continued) Financial instruments Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the consolidated statement of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value except for trade receivables arising from contracts with customer which are initially measured in accordance with HKFRS 15. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liabilities and of allocating interest income and interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts and payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset or financial liabilities, or, where appropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.