Annual Report 2019

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 年度報告 101 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 綜合財務報表附註 FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 2019 截至二零一九年十二月三十一日止年度 3. 主要會計政策 （續） 金融工具 （續） 財務資產 （續） 財務資產減值（續） (i) 信貸風險顯著增加 （續） 不論上述評估之結果如何，本集團認為， 當合約付款逾期超過三十天，則自初始 確認以來信貸風險已顯著增加，除非本 集團有合理且可支持之資料另作證明。 儘管如此，如果債務工具於報告日被認 為具低信貸風險，則本集團可假設該債 務工具之信貸風險自初始確認後未有顯 著增加。債務工具被認為具低信貸風險 假若 i) 其違約風險較低； ii) 借款人在短期 內絕對有能力履行其合約現金流量之責 任，以及 iii ）長遠之經濟和商業條件不利 變化，不一定會降低借款人履行合約現 金流責任之能力。當根據全球理解之定 義，其內部或外部之信用評級被評為投 資級別，本集團認為債務工具之信貸風 險較低。 本集團定期監控用以識別信貸風險有否 顯著增加的標準之效益，且修訂標準（如 適當）來確保標準能在金額逾期前識別信 貸風險顯著增加。 (ii) 違約定義 本集團認為當財務資產逾期超過 90 日已 發生違約，除非本集團有合理及且可支 持之資料來顯示更加滯後的違約標準更 為恰當。 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Financial instruments (Continued) Financial assets (Continued) Impairment of financial assets (Continued) (i) Significant increase in credit risk (Continued) Irrespective of the outcome of the above assessment, the Group presumes that the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due, unless the Group has reasonable and supportable information that demonstrates otherwise. Despite the aforegoing, the Group assumes that the credit risk on a debt instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition if the debt instrument is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date. A debt instrument is determined to have low credit risk if i) it has a low risk of default, ii) the borrower has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in the near term and iii) adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but will not necessarily, reduce the ability of the borrower to fulfil its contractual cash flow obligations. The Group considers a debt instrument to have low credit risk when it has an internal or external credit rating of ‘investment grade’ as per globally understood definitions. The Group regularly monitors the effectiveness of the criteria used to identify whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk and revises them as appropriate to ensure that the criteria are capable of identifying significant increase in credit risk before the amount becomes past due. (ii) Definition of default The Group considers that default has occurred when a financial asset is more than 90 days past due unless the Group has reasonable and supportable information to demonstrate that a more lagging default criterion is more appropriate.