Annual Report 2025

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) For the year ended 31 December 2025 118 China Merchants China Direct Investments Limited Annual Report 2025 3. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION (CONTINUED) Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these consolidated financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as value in use in HKAS 36 Impairment of Assets . For financial instruments which are transacted at fair value and a valuation technique that unobservable inputs are to be used to measure fair value in subsequent periods, the valuation technique is calibrated so that, at initial recognition, the results of the valuation technique equal the transaction price. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Levels 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows: ‧ Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date; ‧ Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and ‧ Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. The material accounting policy information is set out below. Basis of consolidation The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company and its subsidiaries. Control is achieved when the Company: ‧ has power over the investee; ‧ is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and ‧ has the ability to use its power to affect its returns.