Annual Report 2019

China Merchants China Direct Investments Limited Annual Report 2019 103 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) For the year ended 31 December 2019 5. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED) Fair value measurement of financial instruments (continued) Fair value of the Group’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (continued) Reconciliation of fair value measurements of financial liabilities: Financial liabilities designated at FVTPL US$ Balance at 1 January 2018 1,451,162 Issuances 146,621 Change in fair value (291,209) Balance at 31 December 2018 1,306,574 Balance at 1 January 2019 1,306,574 Issuances 98,027 Redemptions (78,380) Change in fair value (136,173) Balance at 31 December 2019 1,190,048 Fair value measurements and valuation processes A guideline on the fair value measurements has been applied to the regular assessment of fair value of an asset. Fair value of listed investments, except those listed on the New Third Board, is determined based on the quoted market bid prices available on the relevant exchanges. Fair value of listed investments within lock- up period is assessed based on the quoted market bid prices available on the relevant exchanges and adjusted for lack of marketability. Fair value of certain unlisted investments is arrived at by reference to their recent transaction prices and investment cost. For unlisted investments and investments listed on the New Third Board with no recent transactions noted, their fair values are arrived at on the basis of valuations carried out by an independent valuer on a half-yearly basis. Determination of fair value is based on the best information available in the circumstances and includes appropriate risk adjustments for lack of marketability. Factors considered in determining the fair value of these investments include multiples of comparable companies listed on stock exchanges and discount rates based on market information. The valuation report prepared by the independent valuer is reported to and reviewed by the management on a half-yearly basis.